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Article (Laboratory Planet)

Death Count

Tuesday 26 July 2011 Tags: computer, informatics, society
Office Military Keypunch Machines ©NASA
In order to introduce Survival Kit next October, Laboratory Planet reconsiders the place of computers in our society. They explore today how they have been used for counting or remembering the deceased.
Carte perforable pour catégoriser un profil dans la machine d'Hollerith
 

Information technology and the industrialization of death are twins. In 1884 a German-American in New York invented the punch-card system. Herman Hollerith’s machines proved to be extremely useful for a wide variety of statistical applications and the control of complex systems. Punched cards, originally introduced for musical automatons and instruments, were applied for weaving by the eighteenth-century inventor and robotic engineer Jacques de Vaucanson. Automated Jacquard looms revolutionized textile industries in the early nineteenth century and similar punch cards were implemented in Lady Lovelace and Babbage’s 1883 design for a steam-powered Analytical Engine.

When the growing complexity of information could not be handled by traditional means anymore, conventional methods met their limitations. The U.S. census came into a crisis in data processing, but automated tabulation of census data provided a revolutionary control technology for the Census Bureau. The punch-card system could store all the information about individuals, places, products, schedules, in columns and rows of punched holes. Hollerith machines were significant in the development of the digital computer and could potentially do what computers do, only slower. Emerging railroad-network traffic man- agement and WWI itself posed ever advanced logistical problems.

Hollerith’s company changed its name to International Business Machines or IBM in 1924. German war efforts were organized on Hollerith machines from 1933 to 1945; IBM’s role in that war ma- chine’s logistics is well documented. The first industrial calculation machines put the blitz into blitzkrieg and provided the logistics of scientific mass annihilation.

«With a Hollerith Abteilung in almost every concentration camp, the original Auschwitz tattoo was an IBM number.»
 


It proved a unique and critical tool for the Nazis in their task of cataloguing and dispatching millions of victims. All over Europe technology automated identification, confiscation, ghettoization, deportation and extermination. Modern genocide is an enterprise requiring the resources of computers. Hollerith’s system reduced everything to number codes. With a Hollerith Abteilung in almost every concentration camp, the original Auschwitz tattoo was an IBM number.

 


In 1969, the “Latter Day Saints” church developed “Giant,” a mainframe computer system for mass rituals of the dead. Based on beliefs that only what is recorded on earth is recorded in heaven, more than two billion names of dead people are held in the Granite Mountain catacombs southeast of Salt Lake City. In mythical caverns with records dating back to the Middle Ages, the Mormon Church bunkers the world’s largest collection of genealogical material deep in the Wasatch Mountains. Joseph Smith, the latter-day prophet, claimed baptism to be a requirement for entry into the Kingdom of God and that this communion with the dead was necessary to bring on the last days. To keep track of the dead by conventional means proved impossible, so computer databases had to be established to automate the clearing of names. Today more than a billion souls are in their online searchable database. When it turned out the Mormons were baptizing high-ranking Nazi ghosts together with their non-Christian victims, the practice became controversial.


Konrad Becker - Planète Laboratoire
Text un "extract from Strategical Reality Dictionnary, Autonomedia, 2009" à paraître en français on 2012, Editions HYX. http://world-information.org/wii/strategicreality/

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